金矿立体地球化学探测模型与深部钻探验证   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王学求  张必敏  于学峰  杨德平  夏勇  谭亲平  刘耀文  张苏坤  田密  刘汉粮  李瑞红  韩志轩  熊玉新  吴慧  张宝云 《地球学报》2020,41(6):869-885

深部资源地球化学探测科学问题的的焦点是元素大深度垂向迁移机理和立体地球化学探测模型的建立。本文以胶东蚀变岩型金矿和贵州水银洞卡林型金矿钻孔岩芯和地表联合取样获得的数据, 建立千米深度立体地球化学探测模型。蚀变岩型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、S和Hg与金矿密切相关, 分布模式既有相似性又有差异性, Au的立体几何分布模式兼具矿化剂元素S和远程指示元素Hg的双重特征, 金异常和矿化剂元素硫与矿体倾斜方向一致, 反映了成矿过程中流体沿控矿构造的轴向运移; 金异常与类气体元素汞在垂向上一致, 而且出现从矿体到地表的连续贯通式异常, 反映了流体沿微裂隙和纳米孔的垂向迁移。卡林型金矿立体地球化学模型显示, Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl和S在不整合面都显示高含量特征, 与深部层状主矿体分布一致; 在矿体上覆地层中都存在弱异常, 显示了明显的成矿流体沿隐伏微小断裂垂向迁移特点; 所不同的是Sb和Tl元素在不整合面附近显示了最高的元素含量, 而Sb和Hg在近地表均显示了明显高的异常特征。立体几何模型清晰地显示了矿体的展布特征和范围, 而且金及其伴生元素垂向迁移在地表形成清晰异常, 为利用金及伴生元素和矿化剂元素进行深部矿体三维预测提供了重要依据, 对指导深部金矿勘查发挥了重要作用。针对胶东蚀变岩型金矿地表完全被土壤覆盖区的穿透性地球化学微细粒级土壤采样, 金属活动态提取分析圈定的异常, 经深部钻探验证, 胶东焦家成矿带五一村3200 m钻探, 在2428.00~3234.16 m深度发现6层矿化体, 其中高品位矿体位于2854 m深度; 上宫金矿地表基岩出露, 采集断层泥或裂隙岩石样品, 可以清晰探测深部异常, 经2000 m钻探, 在1312 m处发现高品位金铅锌银矿体; 贵州水银洞采集地表细粒级土壤, 能够直接有效地揭示深部金矿体, 经500~1500 m钻探验证, 在300~1500 m深度新增金资源量203 t。  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of subducted Cadomian continental basement in central Iran: Decompressional anatexis along the Jurassic Neotethys margin     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Late Neoproterozoic-Early Cambrian calc-alkaline granitoids are ubiquitous in the continental basement of Iran and indicate formation within a Cadomian arc system at the northern margin of Gondwana. A basement complex comprising mainly mica schist, paragneisses, and metagranite along with metabasite and rare pegmatite is exposed in the Zayanderud region north of Shahrekord located in the hinterland of the Zagros mountain range. This complex is unique in the Neotethyan realm because it includes eclogites with Jurassic metamorphic ages implying involvement of continental crust at the onset of subduction. Ion microprobe UPb zircon dating along with trace element and oxygen isotope analyses for metagranites define two zircon age clusters of ca. 552 and 565 Ma confirming connection with the other Ediacaran age basement arc plutons in the belt. Zircon geochronology for pegmatite, by contrast, yielded a concordant age population averaging 176.5 ± 3.3 (2σ) Ma. Zircon crystals from the pegmatite also have unusually low rare earth element (REE) abundances with sharp increases towards the heavy REE. Along with an absence of a negative Eu anomaly, this indicates a high-grade metamorphic origin of zircon crystallizing from a pegmatite which was formed by melting of mica schist and possibly amphibole eclogite during decompression where incipient garnet breakdown released Zr and HREE to form zircon, and LREE were retained in stable apatite and titanite. Corresponding ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar phengite dates from the pegmatite and the mica schist country-rock are overlapping with or only slightly postdate the UPb zircon ages, indicating rapid cooling after reaching maximum metamorphic pressure in the Early Jurassic. The Zayanderud basement complex is thus potentially a rare example of deep burial of continental crust and rapid exhumation due to buoyant escape during the incipient stages of subduction, well before the ultimate closing of the Neotethys ocean basin between Arabia and Eurasia in the mid-Tertiary.  相似文献   

In situ LA-ICP-MS analyses of mica and wolframite from the Maoping tungsten deposit,southern Jiangxi,China     

Chen  Guanghong  Gao  Jianfeng  Lu  Jianjun  Zhang  Rongqing 《中国地球化学学报》2020,39(6):811-829

Acta Geochimica - The Maoping tungsten deposit is located in the Nanling W–Sn metallogenic belt in South China. Greisen and quartz vein types of mineralization developed in this deposit....  相似文献   

Zircon provenances provide paleogeographic constraints on models reconstructing the Paleoproterozoic Columbia Supercontinent     

《Gondwana Research》2020

Paleoproterozoic orogens of the North Australian Craton are related to the assembly of the Columbia Supercontinent. The roles of the distinct orogens in the Paleoproterozoic craton amalgamation are poorly understood due to the lack of surface exposure. The age and isotopic systematics of detrital zircon grains hosted in Paleoproterozoic sedimentary sequences are used to unravel the geological history of the craton, in terms of paleogeography and tectonic setting. The oldest (Early Paleoproterozoic) metasedimentary units are characterised by detrital zircon ages peaking at ca. 2500 Ma. The zircon ε_Hf values show large variations in the different orogens and range from −18 to +6. The overlaying youngest turbiditic units show minor accumulation of Archean detritus. Units from apparently different metasedimentary sequences have a major detrital zircon age population at ca. 1865 Ma, and a relatively restricted range of zircon ε_Hf values between −7.3 and +2.6. The isotopic distinctiveness of the oldest units is attributed to local variations in the depositional environment, probably due to horst-graben architecture of the early Paleoproterozoic basin. The youngest turbiditic units blanketed this early horst-graben architecture and in part have a local provenance. Potential detritus sources include South Australian Craton, Dharwar Craton and Aravalli-Lesser Himalayan terrains in India, South China, and Madagascar (Africa). This finding indicates that these regions might have been connected before the Columbia Supercontinent was formed. The ubiquitous ca. 2500 Ma magmatic event records the assembly of these cratonic fragments in a previous supercontinent called Kernorland. In addition, the data do not support a proximity of the North Australian Craton with the North China Block, Western Laurentia (North America), and Kaapvaal Craton (Africa) during Columbia amalgamation.  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

A helium stratified and ingassed lower mantle: resolving the helium paradoxes     

Honggang Zhu  Xuefang Li  Yingkui Xu 《Acta Geochimica》2020,(1):4-10

It is generally believed a variation of 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the mantle is due to only the decay of U and Th,which produces4 He as well as heat.Here we show that not only3He/4He isotopic ratios but also helium contents can be fractionated by thermal diffusion in the lower mantle.The driving force for that fractionation is the adiabatic or convective temperature gradient,which always produces elemental and isotopic fractionation along temperature gradient by thermal diffusion with higher light/heavy isotopic ratio in the hot end.Our theoretical model and calculations indicate that the lower mantle is helium stratified,caused by thermal diffusion due to*400℃temperature contrast across the lower mantle.The highest3He/4He isotopic ratios and lowest He contents are in the lowermost mantle,which is a consequence of thermaldiffusion fractionation rather than the lower mantle is a primordial and undegassed reservoir.Therefore,oceanicisland basalts derived from the deepest lower mantle with high3He/4He isotopic ratios and less He contents—the long-standing helium paradox,is solved by our model.Because vigorous convection in the upper mantle had resulted in disordered or disorganized thermal-diffusion effects in He,Mid-ocean ridge basalts unaffected by mantle plume have a relatively homogenous and lower!3He/4He isotopic compositions.Our model also predicts that 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the deepest lower mantle of early Earth could be even higher than that of Jupiter,the initial He isotopic ratio in our solar system,because the temperature contrast across the lower mantle in the early Earth is the largest and less4 He had been produced by the decay of U and Th.Moreover,the early helium-stratified lower mantle owned the lowest He contents due to over-degassing caused by the largest temperature contrast.Consequently,succeeding evolution of the lower mantle is a He ingassed process due to secular cooling of the deepest mantle.This explains why significant amount of He produced by the decay of U and Th in the lower mantle were not released,another long-standing heat–helium paradox.  相似文献   

汞同位素地球化学研究及其在矿床学中的应用进展     

徐春霞  孟郁苗  黄诚  唐春  郑芳文 《岩矿测试》2021,(2):173-186

汞作为一种重要的成矿元素,广泛分布于不同地质体中,并参与成岩成矿作用。随着质谱技术的飞跃发展,汞同位素地球化学研究取得引人瞩目的进展。汞同位素被广泛地应用于示踪地球表生生物地球化学过程及汞污染等。近年来,汞同位素又被应用于揭示行星的演化过程、识别地质历史时期大火成岩省及示踪矿床成矿物质来源等方面。本文在前人研究的基础上,对不同地质储库汞同位素组成进行了系统总结。陨石、岩浆岩、变质岩、沉积岩、火山气体等地质储库汞同位素组成变化较大,部分样品还显示非质量分馏信息。本文着重阐述了低温热液矿床(现代热泉、汞矿床、铅锌矿床、锑矿床、金矿床)汞的赋存状态及同位素组成特征,构筑了汞同位素体系的基本格架。结合最新的研究成果,较全面地总结了矿床成矿过程中可能会发生的汞同位素分馏机制。热液矿床中汞同位素的质量分馏可能由流体挥发或者沸腾作用、冷凝作用、氧化还原反应、硫化物沉淀等引起。岩矿石中汞同位素的非质量分馏信息可能是地质历史时期汞光化学作用的产物,或者是继承某一特定的源岩信息所致。因此,未来汞同位素在示踪低温热液矿床的成矿物质来源、刻画成矿流体演化过程方面具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

内蒙古迪彦钦阿木斑岩钼矿床绿泥石和绿帘石矿物化学特征及其成矿指示意义     

王帏  冷成彪  张兴春  田振东 《矿床地质》2021,40(2):241-261

迪彦钦阿木矿床位于大兴安岭中段二连浩特-东乌旗多金属成矿带,是区内新近发现的一个超大型斑岩钼矿床.为了厘清蚀变矿物的成分对找矿的指示意义,文章运用电子探针和LA-ICP-MS对迪彦钦阿木矿床青磐岩化带绿帘石亚带的绿泥石和绿帘石的主微量元素成分进行了分析.电子探针数据表明,这些绿泥石属于铁斜绿泥石(辉绿泥石).绿泥石四面体位置置换为AlⅣ对Si的替换,八面体位置置换以Fe-Mg相互置换为主;主量元素除Fe、Mg呈现此消彼长的变化外,其他元素含量变化不大.矿区绿帘石属于普通绿帘石亚族,由热液交代角闪石和斜长石等矿物形成,可分为脉状和浸染状绿帘石,其主量元素含量差别不大.LA-ICP-MS分析结果显示,靠近矿体中心的绿泥石具有较高的近端指示元素(Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Cu、Ga、Sn、Ba)含量以及较高的Ti/Sr、Ti/Pb、V/Ni比值,而离矿体中心较远的绿泥石具有较高的远端指示元素(Li、Na、K、Ni、Sr)含量.绿帘石中成矿金属含量比较低,离矿体中心较远的绿帘石相对富集As、Sb、Pb等元素.此外,绿帘石中w(Cr)、w(Ti)和w(V)以及Ti/Sr和V/Ni的比值随矿体品位的升高而降低.研究表明,迪彦钦阿木矿床绿泥石中w(Ti)、w(V)和w(Ga)及Ti/Sr、Ti/Pb和V/Ni比值,以及绿帘石中w(As)、w(Sb)和w(Pb)具有指示矿化中心的作用,而绿帘石中w(Cr)、w(Ti)和w(V)以及Ti/Sr和V/Ni值可以作为寻找斑岩矿床富矿体的指标.迪彦钦阿木矿床中绿泥石和绿帘石的元素变化主要受流体成分、温度、硫逸度、矿物共生组合等因素影响.文章获得的认识或可应用于其他类似斑岩钼矿床(点)的找矿勘探中.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱-X射线衍射法研究云南玉溪和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源矿物学特征     

朱丽  杨永琼  顾汉念  温汉捷  杜胜江  罗重光 《岩矿测试》2021,(4):532-541

中国云南玉溪和美国内华达均已发现大量黏土型锂资源,目前关于两地区样品矿物学特征的研究相对不足,而对黏土型锂资源进行充分的矿物学特征研究是锂提取工作开展的重要前提。本文采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等分析技术,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观形貌等角度对云南玉溪的两个黏土型锂资源样品(YM-1和YM-2)和美国内华达的两个黏土型锂资源样品(Ame-1和Ame-2)进行对比分析。结果表明:玉溪地区和内华达地区样品的锂含量均高于1000μg/g,具有一定的开发利用价值,但这两个地区的黏土型锂资源样品在主要化学成分、矿物组成、微观形貌和锂赋存状态四个方面均存在较大差异。具体来说,(1)主要化学成分差异:玉溪地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2和Al_2O_3(硅、铝氧化物总量超过80%),而内华达地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2(60.39%)或CaO(42.30%)。(2)矿物组成差异:玉溪地区样品的主要矿物为高岭石和蒙脱石,而内华达地区样品的主要矿物为石英、绿脱石、斯皂石或方解石。(3)微观形貌差异:玉溪地区样品是由表面平坦、边缘圆滑且大小相对均一的片层状结构堆叠而成,而内华达地区样品主要表现为大小不一的块状矿物聚集体。(4)锂赋存状态差异:玉溪地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙脱石中,而内华达地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙皂石族矿物中。本研究结果基本明确了云南玉溪地区和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源的矿物学特征,可为这两个地区黏土型锂资源后期的开发利用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

湖南杏枫山钨矿床热液榍石的地球化学特征、U-Pb定年及其地质意义     

吕沅峻  彭建堂  蔡亚飞 《岩石学报》2021,37(3):830-846

杏枫山钨矿床是湘中地区近年新发现的、产出于浅变质岩系中的矽卡岩型钨矿。本文通过电子探针与LA-ICP-MS等技术手段,对杏枫山矿区矽卡岩中的热液榍石进行了主、微量元素组成以及U-Pb年代学研究。研究表明,榍石具有以下特征:(1)较低的∑REE、Ti O2含量,极低的Th/U,以及较高的Al_2O_3和F含量,这些均为典型热液榍石的地球化学特征;(2)富W而亏损Mo,表明其形成的热液流体具有富W贫Mo的特征;(3)稀土配分模式为左倾的、轻稀土显著亏损的重稀土富集型,正Ce、Eu异常表明其形成环境较为还原。此外,榍石原位U-Pb定年结果显示该矿形成于215.2±2.7Ma,与邻近白马山钛铁矿花岗岩形成的时间一致,基于地质及年代学证据,我们认为该矿的形成与白马山印支期的岩浆热液活动有关。结合前人的研究结果,我们发现湘中地区钨成矿与印支期还原性花岗质岩浆岩密切相关,为湘中印支晚期区域性成矿作用的产物。  相似文献